Waste generation has been increased worldwide. Waste is generally recycled, incinerated, or landfilled. Currently, waste is also used as an energy resource because of a lack of energy resources and landfill sites. In South Korea, landfill of waste has been prohibited and the “Switching Promotion Act of the Resource Recycling Society” has been established. Landfill of municipal solid waste in the European Union was 210.18 million tons in 2012. The municipal solid waste landfilled was 22.8%, and the amount of landfill was 416 kg/cap·year. The landfill rates in the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Austria, Sweden, and Germany have been found to be more than 10% because of different landfill criteria and fees established by these countries.

• 이수웅(국립환경과학원 폐자원에너지연구과) | Su-Woong Lee (Waste-to-Energy Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
• 문희성(국립환경과학원 폐자원에너지연구과) | Hee-Sung Moon (Waste-to-Energy Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) Corresponding author
• 김규연(국립환경과학원 폐자원에너지연구과) | Kyuyeon Kim (Waste-to-Energy Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
• 전태완(국립환경과학원 폐자원에너지연구과) | Tae-Wan Jeon (Waste-to-Energy Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)