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The objective of this RDA-ARS cooperative study is to develop a biochar odor removal system to reduce swine odor from deep-pit swine farm. This study is divided into two phases: The first phase determines the swine odor removal potential of biochar made from various feedstocks and thermal processing conditions using a laboratory-scale biochar sorption column system. The second phase determines the effectiveness of a pilot-scale biochar swine odor removal system. It consists of designing and fabrication of a prototype, and installation of the prototype in a selected Korean swine farm. The effectiveness of the on-farm, pilot-scale biochar odor removal prototype will be determined by comparing influent and effluent odorant concentrations. Pine, oak, solid-separated swine manure, coconut shell, and poultry litter were selected as biomass feedstocks for producing biochar. Pellets of these biomass feedstocks were pyrolyzed at 350℃ and 500℃ using a Lindburg electric box furnace equipped with a gas tight retort. Some of these were also partially activated with steam at 700℃. In addition, Korean swine manure compost and imported coconut shell char were steam activated using a commercial rotary kiln system in Korea. All biochar samples were analyzed for their elemental compositions, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash contents, size, density, and surface area. Selected odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were pre-concentrated using preconditioned stainless steel sorbent tubes filled with Tenax TA® sorbent. The odorants captured by the sorbent tubes were then analyzed using a thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. For the laboratory sorption experiments, fresh manure samples from finishing swine farms with flushed (North Carolina) and deep-pit (Kentucky) manure management systems were collected from commercial swine farms in the U.S.
