Membrane bioreactor (MBR) and reverse osmosis (RO) process have attracted much attention in the field of wastewater treatment and desalination, respectively. However, MBR has membrane fouling which is the major obstacle in maximizing their efficiency. Also, for the RO process, low energy efficiency still remains unanswered in RO process. In this study, it is demonstrated that the application of graphene oxide (GO) to membrane fabrication can be a novel strategy to overcome the residual problems. In detail, GO was applied to fabrication of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane for improving anti-biofouling capability of membrane. Furthermore, addition of GO enhanced mechanical strength of highly porous support layer, which enabled the thin-film composite RO membrane to have 1.6 to 4 times higher water flux compared to other RO membranes.