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Membrane distillation (MD) has shown the potential to further reduce the volume of coal seam gas (CSG) reverse osmosis (RO) brine. However, despite its potential, the lack of appropriate MD membranes limits its industrial use. Therefore, this study was aimed on the fabrication of a robust membrane for the treatment of real CSG RO brine via an air gap MD (AGMD) process. Here, graphene/polyvinylidene fluoride (G/PVDF) membranes were prepared through a phase inversion method. Surface characterization revealed that all G/PVDF membranes exhibited favorable membrane properties having high porosity and liquid entry pressure, and suitable pore size. AGMD test results indicated a high water vapor flux of 20.5 L/m²h. Long-term AGMD operation revealed the robustness of G/PVDF membrane with superior performance compared to commercial PVDF membrane.
