Solar activity has an important impact not only on the intensity of cosmic rays but also on the environment of Earth. In the present paper, a coupled oscillator model is proposed to explain solar activity. This model can be used to naturally reduce the 89-year Gleissberg cycle. Furthermore, as an application of the coupled oscillator model, we herein attempt to apply the proposed model to El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO). As a result, the 22-year oscillation of the Pacific Ocean is naturally explained. Finally, we search for a possible explanation for coupled oscillators in actual solar activity.

1. INTRODUCTION: MOTIVATION OF THEPRESENT RESEARCH
 2. APPLICATION OF THE COUPLED OSCILLATORMODEL TO SOLAR ACTIVITY
 3. APPLICATION OF THE COUPLED OSCILLATORMODEL TO EL NIÑO–SOUTHERN OSCILLATION
 4. MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION OF SOLARPLASMA AND THE COUPLED OSCILLATORMODEL
 5. VARIATION OF COSMIC RAY INTENSITYOBSERVED BY NEUTRON MONITORS AND THEPROPOSED MODEL
 6. SUMMARY
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
 REFERENCES

• Yasushi Muraki(Institute for Space-Earth Environment Research, Nagoya University) Corresponding Author