The objective of this study was to determine the mitotic intervals (τ0) of two consecutive cell divisions and synchronous embryonic cleavage in grass puffer, Takifugu niphobles at different water temperatures (18, 20, 22, and 24℃). The color of the fertilized egg was light yellowish. The egg type was demersal and unadhesive. Egg weight was 0.09±0.002 mg. The sizes of unfertilized eggs were smaller than fertilized eggs in major axis and minor axis at 20℃ (p<0.05). The size of the fertilized egg of 18℃ water temperature group at the blastodisc stage was the smallest (p<0.05), but no significant differences were observed in the other water temperatures group except 18℃ water temperature group (p>0.05). The first cleavage stages at 18, 20, 22, and 24℃ were at 75, 90, 105, and 120 mins, respectively. As water temperature was increased, embryonic development and formation time of the first cleavage furrow were accelerated. There were negative correlation between τ0 and water temperature for grass puffer (Y=–1.225X+70.05, R2=0.988, n=10, where Y was τ0 and X was temperature). This study confirmed that successful hatching of grass puffer was related to water temperature. Chromosome manipulation will be helpful for this species using cleavage frequency and τ0.

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS AD DISCUSSION
REFERENCES

• Min Gyun Ko(Dept. of Fisheries Biology Center for Risk Assessment of Oceans and Fisheries Living Modified Organisms, Pukyong National University)
• Hyo Bin Lee(Dept. of Fisheries Biology Center for Risk Assessment of Oceans and Fisheries Living Modified Organisms, Pukyong National University)
• Hyun Woo Gil(Bio-Monitoring Center)
• Shin Beom Kang(Dept. of Ocean Physical Education, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University)
• In-Seok Park(Division of Marine Bioscience, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) Corresponding Author
• Dong Soo Kim(Dept. of Marine Bio-Materials & Aquaculture, Pukyong National University)