This manuscript explains the effective determination of urea by redox cyclic voltammetric analysis, for which a modified polypyrrole-graphene oxide (PPY-GO, GO 20% w/w of PPY) nanocomposite electrode was developed. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed an effective electron transfer in 0.1 M KOH electrolytic solution in the potential window range of 0 to 0.6 V. This PPY-GO modified electrode exhibited a moderate electrocatalytic effect towards urea oxidation, thereby allowing its determination in an electrolytic solution. The linear dependence of the current vs. urea concentration was reached using square-wave voltammetry in the concentration range of urea between 0.5 to 3.0 μM with a relatively low limit of detection of 0.27 μM. The scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the morphologies and properties of the nanocomposite layer, along with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the nanocomposite film modified electrode exhibited a synergistic effect, including high conductivity, a fast electron-transfer rate, and an inherent catalytic ability.

Abstract
 1. Introduction
 2. Materials and Method
  2.1. Starting materials
  2.2 Preparation of GO and SPS
  2.3. In-situ preparation of PPY-GO nanocomposite
  2.4. Modification of working electrodes
 3. Results and Discussion
  3.1. Surface and structural characterization
  3.2. Spectroscopic analysis
  3.3. XRD analysis
  3.4. Voltammetric measurement
  3.5. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)
  3.6. Effect of concentration of analyst
  3.7. Influence of scan rate
  3.8. Square-wave voltammetry (SWV)
 4.Conclusion
 References

• Harish Mudila(Department of Chemistry, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University)
• Parteek Prasher(Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies)
• Sweta Rana(Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara)
• M.G.H. Zaidi(Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University) Corresponding Author
• Beena Khati(Department of Biotechnology, DBS Campus Bhimtal Kumaun University)