The differentiation of sex is important for species preservation. However, Fairy Pitta is sexually monomorphic and sex of an individual is indistinguishable with its external characteristics. We determined the sex of Fairy Pitta through DNA analysis and investigated the causes and time of injury and mortality and the size based on sex. We collected 21 samples at Jeju Island, Korean Peninsula from 2004 to 2013 and extracted DNA from them and amplified chromo helicase DNA-binding gene from Z and W chromosomes through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). We confirmed their sex with the banding pattern through Agarose gel electrophoresis, i.e. male (ZZ): one banded and female (ZW) two banded. We distinguished the sex of 17 of 21 samples resulting in 9 males and 8 females. Most casualties were recorded in adult of both sexes. Causes of injury and mortality proved that female casualties occurred from window strikes, dehydration, car accident, predation by natural enemies, and male occurred from window strikes, car accident and dehydration. The time of injury and mortality in adults differ by sex. There was no difference between sexes in any of the six size parameters. As the time of injury and mortality differ by sex, the survey on the role and ecological nature by sex in breeding season must be carried out in the future. External measurements may not be reliable for sexing of Fairy Pitta and other traits such as vocal or characteristics are required to identify the sex of individuals in the field.

Abstract
 1. 서 론
 2. 재료 및 방법
  2.1. 샘플 확보
  2.2. Genomic DNA 추출
  2.3. PCR을 통한 암수 판별
  2.4. 분석
 3. 결과 및 고찰
  3.1. PCR 분석을 통한 암수 구분 및 피해 현황
  3.2. 암수별 크기 차이 분석
 4. 결 론
 참고문헌

• 김은미(국립산림과학원 난대아열대산림연구소) | Eun-Mi Kim (Warm-temperate and Subtropical Forest Research Center, Korea Forest Research Institute)
• 전연선(이화여자대학교 환경공학과) | Yeon-Seon Jeon (Department of Environment Engineering, Ewha Womans University)
• 정길상(이화여자대학교 에코과학부) | Gil-Sang Jeong (Department of Ecoscience, Ewha Womans University)
• 김세재(제주대학교 생물학과) | Se-Jae Kim (Department of Biology, Jeju National University)
• 강창완(한국조류보호협회 제주지회) | Chang-Wan Kang (The Korea Association For Bird Protection Jeju Branch)
• 오미래(한국조류보호협회 제주지회) | Mi-Rea Oh (The Korea Association For Bird Protection Jeju Branch)
• 노푸름(이화여자대학교 에코과학부) | Pu-Reum Noh (Department of Ecoscience, Ewha Womans University)
• 원현규(국립산림과학원 난대아열대산림연구소) | Hyun-Kyu Won (Warm-temperate and Subtropical Forest Research Center, Korea Forest Research Institute) Corresponding author