Estimating Ozone Sensitivity Coefficients to NOx and VOC Emissions Using BFM and HDDM for A 2007 June Episode
The accuracy of ozone sensitivity coefficients estimated with HDDM (High-order Decoupled Direct Method) can vary depending on the NOx (Nitrogen Oxides) and VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) conditions. In order to evaluate the applicability of HDDM over the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) during a high ozone episode in 2007 June, we compare BFM (Brute Force Method) and HDDM in terms of the 1st-order ozone sensitivity coefficient to explain ozone change in response to changes in NOx and VOC emissions, and the 2nd-order ozone sensitivity coefficient to represent nonlinear response of ozone to the emission changes. BFM and HDDM estimate comparable ozone sensitivity coefficients, exhibiting similar spatial and temporal variations over the SMAduring the episode. NME (Normalized Mean Error) between BFM and HDDM for the episode average 1st- and 2nd-order ozone sensitivity coefficients to NOx and VOC emissions are less than 3% and 9%, respectively. For the daily comparison, NME for the 1st- and 2nd-order ozone sensitivity coefficients are less than 4% (R2> 0.96) and 15% (R2> 0.90), respectively. Under the emission conditions used in this study, two methods show negative episode average 1st-order ozone sensitivity coefficient to NOx emissions over the core SMA. The 2nd-order ozone sensitivity coefficient to NOx emissions leads ozone to respond muchnonlinear to the reduction in NOx emissions over Seoul. Nonlinear ozone response to reduction in VOC emissions is mitigated due to the 2nd-order ozone sensitivity coefficientwhich is much smaller than the 1st-order ozone sensitivity coefficient to the emissions in the magnitude.