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Monitoring techniques of quarantine fruit flies
Monitoring is an important component in the detection, surveillance and eradication of invasive insect pests. In particular, the availability of useful attractants and effective traps is critical in establishing a new surveillance program for quarantine pests. A powerful, species-specific attractant is desirable when precision early detection is needed. However, such an ideal attractant is not often available when the introduction of a new surveillance program is urgent. In reality, the combination of available monitoring means is adopted, which in turn requires the subsequent development of optimum monitoring strategy with these available means. Various species of fruit flies, belonging to the genus Bactrocera in particular, are serious threat to Korea, and developing systematic monitoring systems is needed against the invasion of the fruit flies. Effective male attractants, such as methyl eugenol and cue lure, and traps are currently available for some species such as B. dorsalis, B. tryoni, and B. carambolae. However, such attractants are yet to be developed for many other fruit fly species. The strong attraction of the striped fruit fly, B. scutellata, being present in large numbers in Korean fields to cue lure can be a potential obstacle in monitoring other species of fruit flies attracted to the same compound. Various attractants based on protein hydrolysates are also useful in monitoring fruit flies since they are attractive to both males and females of fruit flies. However, it is desirable to develop these protein-based baits into more species-specific attractants. Monitoring techniques for some important quarantine fruit flies are further discussed.
