This experiment was conducted to analyse the effects of flavone supplementation on the preimplantation development of in-vitro produced porcine embryos. During in-vitro development, immature oocytes and early embryos were exposed to different concentrations of flavone (0, 1μM, 25μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM respectively). Results showed that 100 μM of flavone significantly reduced the intracellular ROS levels of oocytes accompanied with a significant rise in GSH level. In parthenogenesis, no significant change was observed in the cleavage rates whether flavone was supplemented in IVM or IVC media. In IVM supplemented group, the blastocyst development rate was significantly enhanced by 1 μM concentration than other groups (51.5% vs. 41.3%, 44.0%, 36.3%, 31.7%; P<0.05) respectively. However, in IVC group 1 μM concentration significantly improved the blastocysts production than 50 μM and control groups (50.0% vs. 40.5%, 38.0%; P<0.05) respectively. Following nuclear transfer, the cleavage rate of IVM group was significantly more in 1 μM than 50 μM and 100 μM groups (92.9% vs. 89.7%, 87.8%; P<0.05), followed by similar pattern of cloned blastocysts production being significantly higher in 1 μM group than 50 μM, 100 μM and control groups (16.8% vs. 9.0%, 7.1%, 12.8%; P<0.05) respectively. In IVC group, 1 μM concentration resulted in significantly higher cleavage rate than 25 μM and 50 μM groups (91.7% vs. 87.8%, 88.8%; P<0.05) respectively. However, the blastocysts production was significantly higher in 100 μM group than others (26.2% vs. 13.6%, 14.0%, 18.2%; P<0.05) respectively. The optimal concentrations of flavone significantly enhanced the percentages of ICM:TE than control group (43.8% vs. 37.6%; P<0.05) accompanied with significantly higher expression levels of reprogramming related genes. In conclusion, the optimal concentrations of 1 μM during IVM and 100 μM during IVC can significantly improve the production of porcine in-vitro embryos.

Abstract
 INTRODUCTION
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
  1. Chemicals and reagents
  2. Production of embryos
  3. Measurement of intracellular GSH and ROS levels
  4. Differential staining
  5. Gene Expression Analysis by quantitative polymerasechain reaction (qPCR)
  6. Experimental design
  7. Statistical Analysis
 RESULTS
  1. GSH and ROS of flavone treated oocytes
  2. In- vitro development of PA embryos after flavonesupplementation
  3. In- vitro development of SCNT embryos after flavonesupplementation
  4. Differential staining of SCNT blastocysts
  5. Gene expression of flavone treatment embryo
 DISCUSSION
 REFERENCES

• Xun Fang(College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University)
• Ahmad Yar Qamar(College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University)
• Ki-Young Yoon(Dept. of Companion Animal, Shingu College)
• Jongki Cho(College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) Correspondence