The marine industry contributes a large proportion of the air pollutant emissions along coastal regions, and this air pollution has been strongly linked to cardiovascular diseases and other illnesses. To alleviate the problem, many ports have installed alternative maritime power (AMP) facilities that enable onboard marine auxiliary engines with generators (gensets) to be shut down while a ship is at berth. This study compared the emissions from conventional gensets with those from AMP facilities, focusing on four emission types: greenhouse gases (GHG), sulphur oxides (SOX), nitrogen oxides (NOX), and particulate matter (PM). Both direct (combustion / operation) and indirect (upstream) emissions were considered together for the emission comparison. The results showed that AMP has lower emissions than conventional onboard gensets, and this benefit is highly dependent on the electricity generation mix onshore. On average, GHG emissions could be reduced by about 18.3 %, while the other emissions (SOX, NOX, and PM) would decrease more dramatically (88.4 %, 90.1 %, and 91.5 %, respectively). Additionally, future benefits of the AMP would increase due to the expansion of renewable energies. Thus, this study supports the potential of AMP as a promising solution for environmental concerns at ports worldwide.

Abstract
 1. Introduction
 2. Scope and Assumptions
  2.1 Emissions
  2.2 Fuel
  2.3 Assumptions
 3. Emissions from Ship Gensets
  3.1 GHG emissions
  3.2 SOX emissions
  3.3 NOX emissions
  3.4 PM emissions
 4. Emissions by AMP
  4.1 Power source
  4.2 Electricity generation mix
 5. Results and Future Works
 6. Conclusions
 References

• Kyunghwa Kim(Future Technology Research Team, Korean Register (KR))
• Gilltae Roh(Future Technology Research Team, Korean Register (KR))
• Kangwoo Chun(Future Technology Research Team, Korean Register (KR)) Corresponding Author