Non-LTE calculations, with the non-thermal ionization effects included, indicated that for electron bombardment, the Hα line is widely broadened and shows a strong central reversal. Significant enhancements at the line wings of Lyα and Lyβ are also predicted at the beginning of the impulsive phase of flares. For the proton bombardment, no strong broadening and no large central reversal are expected. However, due to proton-hydrogen charge exchange, the enhancements at the red wings of Lyα and Lyβ lines at the early impulsive phase of flares are significant. Our results show that the electron beam can also in some cases generate visible and UV continuum emission in white-light flares. However, at the onset phase, a negative flare may appear within several seconds, due to the increase of the H- opacity. Another spectroscopic signature of energetic particles, i.e. the impact polarization of atomic lines, is also mentioned.

• C. FANG(Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University)
• M. D. DING(Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University)
• J. C. HENOUX(Observatoire de Paris, DASOP)
• W. Q. GAN(Purple Mountain Observatory)