本文根据“别+V+了”句式中宾语出现位置的不同,分成ⅰ)宾语+别+V+了、ⅱ)别+V+宾语+ 了、ⅲ)别+V+了+宾语,这样三种句式进行研究。首先,从否定的焦点来看,ⅰ)句式否定的焦点 在动词V上,而ⅱ)句式否定的焦点在于宾语,ⅲ)句式否定的焦点在于整个事件;其次,从否定的 强度来看,当宾语位于句式的开头部分,表示强烈否定,而在ⅱ)句式中更多的是表达一种劝阻或 者提议,ⅲ)则表达提醒功能和担当情态标记功能。再次,在“别+V+了”句式中,宾语是话者与 听者互相心知肚明的有定宾语,因此能够接受限定性成分的修饰,但类似于“一个”等表示全部中 的一个的数量词不能够修饰宾语。最后,在ⅲ)句式中,动词与宾语受到某种制约,由于“了”表 示与“掉”相对应的意义,因此表示[+去掉]意义的动词能够进入该句式,而且宾语也必须是存在 的受事宾语才能够进入该句式。
The pattern of the “bie(别)+V+le(了)” structure is divided into three types: ① “object+bie(别)+V+le(了)” ② “bie(别)+V+object+le(了)” ③ “bie(别)+V+le(了)+object”. These are based on the position of the objects. First, in terms of the negation focus, in pattern ①, the negative focus is the “verb”. In pattern ②, the negative focus is the “object” and in pattern ③, the negative focus is the “whole event”. Second, in terms of the intensity of the negation, pattern ① where the object is at the beginning of the sentence represents very strong negation. However, pattern ② is more to express a kind of dissuasion or proposal and pattern ③ functions as a reminder or acts as a modal marker. In addition, in the “bie(别)+V+le(了)” structure, the object is the definite object that the speaker and the listener know well, so they accept the modification of restrictive elements. Third, in pattern ③, only verbs with a meaning of [+removal] can be used in this pattern and the object should be an object that already exists because “le(了)” corresponds to “diao(掉)”.