유전적 조절, 유전자 발현 그리고 환경적 단서, 화학적 신호에 대응하는 표현형 변이에서 세포 RNA는 ubiquitous 역할 이외에도 세포 외 RNA(exRNA)라 하는 새로운 형태의 RNA는 추후 연구의 방향을 제시한다. exRNA는 membrane vesicles 또는 세포 외 소포체(EV)로 알려진 membrane blebs를 통해 세포 외부로 운반된다. EV의 형성은 원핵생물, 진핵생물, 고세균을 포함한 모든 미생물군에 우세하게 보존되어있다. 본 리뷰는 세균 유래 exRNA 에 관해 세가지 주제에 초점을 두었다. exRNA의 발견과 박테리아 유전자 배열에 대한 외부 RNA의 영향, b. exRNA 의 분비기작을 통한 방출, c. 다른 그람음성 및 그람양성균에 의해 분비되는 exRNA로 고안될 수 있는 응용 가능 분야이다. 본 리뷰에서 장내 미생물군의 probiotics 및 후 성유전학적 규제에서 본 exRNA와 exRNA마커와 같은 EV 파생 응용프로그램에 대한 의견을 제공할 것이다.

In addition to the ubiquitous roles of cellular RNA in genetic regulations, gene expression and phenotypic variations in response to environmental cues and chemotactic signals, the regulatory roles of a new type of RNA called extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are an up-and-coming area of research interest. exRNA is transported outside the cell through membrane blebs known as membrane vesicles or extracellular vesicles (EVs). EV formation is predominant and conserved among all microbial forms, including prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea. This review will focus on the three major topics concerning bacterially derived exRNAs, i.e., 1) the discovery of exRNA and influence of extraneous RNA over bacterial gene regulations, 2) the known secretion mechanism for the release of exRNA, and 3) the possible applications that can be devised with these exRNA secreted by different gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Further, this review will also provide an opinion on exRNA- and EV-derived applications such as the species-specific exRNA markers for diagnostics and the possible roles of exRNA in probiotics and the epigenetic regulations of the gut microbiome.

ABSTRACT
Origin of microbial exRNA
exRNA excretion/secretion mechanism and intercellularcommunications
Fate of exRNA packed in EVs
Perspective roles of exRNA in biomedical and foodtechnology applications
Conclusions
국문요약
References

• Ayyappasamy Sudalaiyadum Perumal(Department of Bioengineering, McGill University) Correspondence to
• Ramachandran Chelliah(Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University) Correspondence to
• Saptashwa Datta(Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology)
• Jayachandran Krishna(Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University)
• Melvin S. Samuel(School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology)
• Selvarajan Ethiraj(Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology) Correspondence to
• Chae Rin Park(Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University)