Effects of Organic Fertilization on the Growth, Yield, and Inorganic Nutrients of the Golden Queen Rice using Soil Testing
토양검정에 의한 유기자원 시비처방 효과를 구명하기 위하여 유기자원의 질소, 인산, 칼륨 성분 함량에 무기화율을 적용하여 시비량을 설정하고 골든퀸 벼를 대상으로 포장시험을 실시하였다. 1. 초장, 분얼수, 엽색도와 이삭수, 볏짚수량 및 벼 수량은 유기자원과 화학비료처리간 차이가 없었다. 등숙율은 화학비료구에서 가장 낮았으며, 천립중은 무처리구에서 가장 높았다. 2. 현미쌀의 미량원소 중 철은 시비구에서 높았고, 아연은 유기자원구에서 가장 높았으며, 무처리구에서 가장 낮았다. 3. 수확 후 토양화학성 중 산도는 화학비료구에서 높았다. 칼슘과 마그네슘은 시비구에서 높았고, 유효규산함량은 유기자원>화학비료>무처리 순으로 높았다. 4. 벼 수량과 양(+)의 상관이 인정된 토양 화학성은 칼슘, 마그네슘과 유효규산 함량이며, 수량 구성요소로는 이삭수였다. 등숙율과 천립중은 음(-)의 상관이 인정되었다. 벼 수량과 가장 높은 상관을 보인 이삭수(r=0.98)는 토양 칼슘, 마그네슘 및 토양 유효규산과 양(+)의 상관이었다. 5. 화학비료를 대체하기 위하여 토양검정 후 유기자원에 무기화율을 적용하여 시비처방을 한 결과 벼 생육, 볏짚 및 벼 수량에서 유기자원구와 화학비료구의 차이가 없었으며, 현미 쌀의 아연성분과 토양 유효규산함량은 유기자원구에서 더 높아 유기자원으로 화학비료를 대체할 수 있다.
Field tests were conducted to determine the effects of organic amendment fertilization by analyzing the properties of soil in which ‘Golden Queen’ rice was grown. The amount of fertilization required was determined based on the rate of mineralization of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium contents of organic amendments. The length, number of panicles per hill, leaf color, grain yield, straw weight, and rice yield showed no significant differences between the organic amendment and chemical fertilizer groups, and the latter group showed the lowest grain filling rate. The control group showed the highest thousand grain weight. Among the inorganic nutrients of ‘Golden Queen’, the Fe level was high in the fertilization groups and Zn levels were the highest and lowest in the organic amendment group and control group, respectively. Soil chemical properties after rice harvesting were as follows: pH was high in the chemical fertilizer group, Ca and Mg contents were high in the fertilization groups, and available SiO2 content increased in the following order: control < chemical fertilizer < organic amendment. Soil chemical properties that showed a positive correlation with rice yield were Ca, Mg, and available SiO2 contents, and grain yield was the determinant of rice yield. Grain filling rate showed a negative correlation with the thousand grain weight. Rice yield showed the strongest correlation with grain yield (r = 0.98), which also showed a positive correlation with soil Ca, Mg, and available SiO2 contents. In conclusion, organic amendments were applied as an alternative to chemical fertilization based on the rate of mineralization after soil testing; however, no significant differences were found in rice growth, straw weight, and grain yield between the organic amendment and chemical fertilizer groups. However, the rice Zn content and the soil available SiO2 content were elevated in the organic amendment group, implying that organic amendments may be used to replace chemical fertilizers.