Because of its unique properties, tungsten is a strategic and rare metal used in various industrial applications. However, the world's annual production of tungsten is only 84000 t. Ammonium paratungstate (APT), which is used as the main intermediate in industrial tungsten production, is usually obtained from tungsten concentrates of wolframite and scheelite by hydrometallurgical treatment. Intermediates such as tungsten trioxide, tungsten blue oxide, tungstic acid, and ammonium metatungstate can be derived from APT by thermal decomposition or chemical attack. Tungsten metal powder is produced through the hydrogen reduction of high-purity tungsten oxides, and tungsten carbide powder is produced by the reaction of tungsten powder and carbon black powder at 1300–1700oC in a hydrogen atmosphere. Tungsten scrap can be divided into hard and soft scrap based on shape (bulk or powder). It can also be divided into new scrap generated during the production of tungsten-bearing goods and old scrap collected at the end of life. Recycling technologies for tungsten can be divided into four main groups: direct, chemical, and semi-direct recycling, and melting metallurgy. In this review, the current status of tungsten smelting and recycling technologies is discussed.

Abstract
1. 서 론
2. 텅스텐의 생산량과 용도
3. 텅스텐의 제련
    3.1 텅스텐 원료
    3.2 텅스텐 정광의 습식처리
    3.3 환원 공정
    3.4 탄화 공정
4. 텅스텐의 리사이클링
    4.1 텅스텐 및 합금 스크랩
    4.2 초경합금의 리사이클링 기술
5. 종 합
References

• 손호상(경북대학교 신소재공학부) | Ho-Sang Sohn (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University) Corresponding Author