Nypa fruticans Wurmb (NFW) contains a large amount of phenolic acid and flavonoids, and is popular as a superfood in Myanmar. NFW has various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective properties; however, the anti-cancer effect of NFW have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of water extracts of NFW (WeNFW) and the underlying mechanism in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. The WeNFW inhibited FaDu cell growth in a dose-dependent manner without affecting normal cells (L929), as determined by an MTT assay and Live and Dead assay. In addition, the concentrations of WeNFW without cytotoxicity (0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/mL) inhibited wound healing and colony formation. Furthermore, WeNFW significantly induced apoptosis through the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3 and -9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax in FaDu cells, as determined by DAPI staining, FACS analysis, and western blot analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that WeNFW exhibits potent anti-cancer effects by suppressing the growth of oral cancer cells, wound healing and colony formation activity. Via mitrochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Therefore, WeNFW can provide a natural chemotherapeutic drug for oral cancer in humans.

Introduction
Materials and Methods
    1. WeNFW 제조 방법
    2. 시약
    3. 세포 배양
    4. 세포독성 분석
    5. Live & Dead assay
    6. Wound healing assay
    7. 콜로니 형성
    8. DAPI staining
    9. 유세포 분석
    10. 단백질 면역 발색법
    11. 통계적 유의성
Results
    1. 마우스 섬유아세포(L929)에서 WeNFW의 독성 평가
    2. 사람 유래 인두 편평암세포(FaDu)에서 WeNFW의 독성평가
    3. 사람 유래 인두 편평암세포(FaDu)에서 WeNFW의wound-healing 및 콜로니 형성 능력 억제 효과
    4. 사람 유래 인두 편평암세포(FaDu)에서 WeNFW에 의한핵형 변화 분석
    5. 사람 유래 인두 편평암세포(FaDu)에서 WeNFW에 의한세포사멸 유도 분석
    6. WeNFW에 의한 사람 유래 인두 편평암세포(FaDu)의 세포사멸 기전 분석
Discussion
References

• Seul Ah Lee(Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University)
• Mi Suk Choi(Department of Dental Hygiene, Chodang University)
• Bo-Ram Park(Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Welfare, Kyungwoon University)
• Jin-Soo Kim(Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Raiology, Chosun University Dental Hospital)
• Chun Sung Kim(Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University) Correspondence to