Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that carry bioactive cargoes of proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs between living cells. Their role in cellular communication has gained the attention of several research reports globally in the last decade. EVs are critically involved in sperm functions, oocyte functions, fertilization, embryonic development, and pregnancy. The review summarizes the state-of-theart of EVs research in the diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) potentials of the EVs during the pregnancy that might provide a solution for gestational disturbances such as implantation failure, maternal health problems, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. EVs can be found in all biological fluids of the fetus and the mother and would provide a non-invasive and excellent tool for diagnostic purposes. Moreover, we provide the current efforts in manufacturing and designing targeted therapeutics using synthetic and semi-synthetic nanovesicles mimicking the natural EVs for efficient drug delivery during pregnancy.

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTUREPERSPECTIVES
REFERENCES

• Islam M. Saadeldin(Lab. of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University)
• Bereket Molla Tanga(Lab. of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea)
• Seonggyu Bang(Lab. of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea)
• Xun Fang(Lab. of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea)
• Ki-Young Yoon(Department of Companion Animal, Shingu College, Seongnam 13174, Korea)
• Sanghoon Lee(Lab. of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea)
• Jongki Cho(Lab. of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea) Corresponding author