Background: Pronated foot posture (PFP) contributes to excessive dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Although foot orthoses such as medial arch support (MAS) are widely and easily used in clinical practice and sports, few studies have investigated the effect of MAS on the improvement of DKV during stair descent in individuals with a PFP. Moreover, no studies reported the degree of improvement in DKV according to the severity of PFP when MAS was applied.
Objects: This study aimed to examine the immediate effect of MAS on DKV during stair descent and determine the correlation between navicular drop distance and changes in DKV when MAS is applied.
Methods: Twenty individuals with a PFP (15 males and five females) participated in this study. The navicular drop test was used to measure PFP severity. The frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) was calculated under two conditions, with and without MAS application, using 2-dimensional video analysis.
Results: During stair descent, the FPPA with MAS (173.1° ± 4.7°) was significantly greater than that without MAS (164.8° ± 5.8°) (p < 0.05). There was also a significant correlation between the navicular drop distance and improvement in the FPPA when MAS was applied (r = 0.453, p = 0.045).
Conclusion: MAS application can affect the decrease in DKV during stair descent. In addition, MAS application should be considered to improve the knee alignment for individuals with greater navicular drop distance.

INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
    1. Participants
    2. Medial Arch Support
    3. Navicular Drop Test
    4. Two-dimensional Video Analysis
    5. Procedures
    6. Statistical Analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
FUNDING
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
ORCID
REFERENCES

• Hwa-ik Yoo(Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Kinetic Ergocise Based on Movement Analysis Laboratory)
• Sung-hoon Jung(Kinetic Ergocise Based on Movement Analysis Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea)
• Do-eun Lee(Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Kinetic Ergocise Based on Movement Analysis Laboratory)
• Il-kyu Ahn(Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Kinetic Ergocise Based on Movement Analysis Laboratory)
• Oh-yun Kwon(Kinetic Ergocise Based on Movement Analysis Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea) Corresponding Author