This study compares the characteristics of a compact TiO2 (c-TiO2) powdery film, which is used as the electron transport layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells, based on the manufacturing method. Additionally, its efficiency is measured by applying it to a carbon electrode solar cell. Spin-coating and spray methods are compared, and spraybased c-TiO2 exhibits superior optical properties. Furthermore, surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) exhibits the excellent surface properties of spray-based TiO2. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) is 14.31% when applied to planar perovskite solar cells based on metal electrodes. Finally, carbon nanotube (CNT) film electrode-based solar cells exhibits a 76% PCE compared with that of metal electrodebased solar cells, providing the possibility of commercialization.

Abstract
1. 서 론
2. 실험 방법
    2.1. c-TiO2 전자수송층 코팅
    2.2. 페로브스카이트 태양전지 제작
    2.3. c-TiO2 및 태양전지 특성 평가
3. 결과 및 고찰
    3.1. c-TiO2 광학적 특성 분석
    3.2. c-TiO2의 표면 분석
    3.3. 태양전지 특성 분석
4. 결 론
감사의 글
References

• 우채영(부산대학교 나노융합기술학과) | Chae Young Woo (Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University)
• 이형우(부산대학교 나노융합기술학과, 부산대학교 에너지융합기술연구소, 부산대학교 나노에너지공학과) | Hyung Woo Lee (Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University,Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology,Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University) Corresponding author