Ulva compressa Linnaeus (UCL) is a green algae seaweed that performs photosynthesis and is used as a food material in some Asian regions including Korea. It is known to be the dominant species in copper ion-contaminated seas, and many studies on copper ion resistant mechanisms have been reported. UCL is known to have an excellent antioxidant effect, but limited information is available regarding its other physiological activities. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of 30% prethanol extracts of Ulva compressa Linnaeus (30% PeUCL) and the underlying mechanisms of its activity on human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. The 30% PeUCL extracts suppressed FaDu cell viability without affecting normal cells (L929), as determined by MTT and viability assays. Furthermore, the 30% PeUCL extracts induced apoptosis, as determined by DAPI staining. The 30% PeUCL extracts inhibited colony formation effectively as well as wound-healing of FaDu cells, even at noncytotoxic concentrations. In addition, 30% PeUCL extracts induced apoptosis significantly through proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3, -7, and -9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and by downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax in FaDu cells, as determined by Western blot analysis. Collectively, these results suggest that the inhibitory effect of 30% PeUCL extracts on the growth of oral cancer cells, colony formation and wound-healing may be mediated by caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Therefore, 30% PeUCL extracts can be administered as a natural chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of human oral cancers.

Introduction
Materials and Methods
    1. 실험 재료
    2. 납작파래 30% 주정추출물 제조(30% PeUCL)
    3. 세포 배양
    4. 세포 성장률 분석
    5. Live & Dead assay
    6. DAPI 염색
    7. Colony formation 측정
    8. Wound healing assay
    9. 단백 발현 분석
    10. 통계적 유의성
Results
    1. L929 세포 및 FaDu 암세포에 대한 30% PeUCL의 세포독성효과
    2. DAPI 염색을 이용한 30% PeUCL에 의한 FaDu 암세포의세포핵 행태 변화
    3. FaDu 암세포의 colony formation과 wound-healing에대한 30% PeUCL의 억제효과
    4. FaDu 암세포에 대한 30% PeUCL의 세포사멸관련 단백질발현 유도
Discussion
Conflicts of Interest
References

• Ji Yun Jang(Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University)
• Seo Yun Jung(Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University)
• Bo-Ram Park(Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Welfare, Kyungwoon University)
• Seul Ah Lee(Marine Healthcare Reaserch & Evaluation Center, Chosun University)
• Chun Sung Kim(Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University,Marine Healthcare Reaserch & Evaluation Center, Chosun University) Corresponding author