The Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)4 (CZTSSe) absorbers are promising thin film solar cells (TFSCs) materials, to replace existing Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and CdTe photovoltaic technology. However, the best reported efficiency for a CZTSSe device, of 13.6 %, is still too low for commercial use. Recently, partially replacing the Zn2+ element with a Cd2+element has attracting attention as one of the promising strategies for improving the photovoltaic characteristics of the CZTSSe TFSCs. Cd2+ elements are known to improve the grain size of the CZTSSe absorber thin films and improve optoelectronic properties by suppressing potential defects, causing short-circuit current (Jsc) loss. In this study, the structural, compositional, and morphological characteristics of CZTSSe and CZCTSSe thin films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The FE-SEM images revealed that the grain size improved with increasing Cd2+ alloying in the CZTSSe thin films. Moreover, there was a slight decrease in small grain distribution as well as voids near the CZTSSe/Mo interface after Cd2+ alloying. The solar cells prepared using the most promising CZTSSe absorber thin films with Cd2+ alloying (8 min. 30 sec.) exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.33 %, Jsc of 34.0 mA/cm2, and fill factor (FF) of 62.7 %, respectively.

Abstract
1. 서 론
2. 실험 방법
    2.1. CZCTSSe 태양전지 제작
    2.2. 특성 평가
3. 결과 및 고찰
4. 결 론
Acknowledgement
References

• 박상우(전남대학교 광전자융합기술연구소 신소재공학과) | Sang Woo Park (Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University)
• 장수영(전남대학교 광전자융합기술연구소 신소재공학과) | Suyoung Jang (Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University)
• 장준성(전남대학교 광전자융합기술연구소 신소재공학과) | Jun Sung Jang (Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University)
• 김진혁(전남대학교 광전자융합기술연구소 신소재공학과) | Jin Hyeok Kim (Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University) Corresponding author