본 연구는 나라꽃으로서 상징성이 높은 무궁화를 실내공간에 도입하기 위하여 실내광원별 경관적 특성을 살펴서 효율적인 도입방안을 모색하기 위해 수행되었다. 공시식물로서 무궁화 품종 중 내음성이 비교적 강하다고 알려진 무궁화 “백단심” 을 선정하였으며 형광등, LED등, 삼파장등, 광섬유 4종류의 광원과 500, 750, 1500, 2,500lux의 광도에서 7개월간 실험하였다. 식물의 경관적 측정요소로 엽장, 엽폭, 초장, 엽수, 낙엽수, 절간장, 엽록소함량 등을 조사하였다. 식물의 생리적 요소로서 광합성률(Pn), CO2흡수율(CO2), 세포내 CO2농도(Ci), 대기중 CO2농도(Ca), 기공전도도(Cs), 증산량(Tr) 등을 측정하였다. 또한 기공수를 관찰하여 광합성이 잘 이루어지고 있는지 확인하였으며 광원별 개화율과 색차계를 이용한 화색을 조사하였다. 실험결과 및 도입방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 식물의 경관적 구성요소 중 엽수가 모든 광원에서 통계적 유의성을 보였다. 엽수는 엽장, 엽폭과 함께 수관 형성 및 수형에도 영향을 미치는데 광도가 높을수록 많이 출엽하였으며, 광섬유 1,500lux 하에서 가장 많이 출엽하였다. 엽장 엽폭은 광도가 높을수록 크기가 커지는 경향을 보였다. 둘째, 무궁화는 잎도 특이하지만 꽃이 아름답고 상징성이 있어서 선호되는데 무궁화 “백단심” 은 8월~10월에 개화한다. 꽃을 감상할 목적으로 광원별 광조건을 살펴보면, 형광등 750lux~2,500lux, LED등 1,500lux~2,500lux, 삼파장등 750lux~2,500lux, 광섬유1,500lux~2,500lux로 파악되었다. 가장 효과적인 광원 및 광도는 광섬유 1,500lux~2,500lux인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 잎의 신선도는 광합성량 및 잎의 기공의 특성으로도 가늠해 볼 수 있는데 광도가 높을수록 광합성률은 높아졌다. 광원별 기공의 수는 7~28개로 나타났으며 LED등 1,500lux와 광섬유 1,500lux에서 가장 많은 기공수를 보였다. 넷째, 색차계 분석결과 꽃색은 분홍빛 보다는 옅은 Green에 가까우며, Blue에 가까운 색상을 나타내었다. L*(명도)의 값은 90 이상의 수치를 나타내어 명도가 매우 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 최종적으로 생육상태 및 생장량, 개화율을 고려할 때 무궁화 백단심의 최적광원은 광섬유 1,500lux인 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 향후 더 많은 무궁화 품종을 대상으로 적정광원과 적정광도를 파악하고 무궁화 연령별 개화율에 대한 실험을 추가적으로 하여 나라꽃 무궁화의 활용가치 및 활용 영역을 향상할 필요성이 있다.

This study was conducted to find an efficient introduction plan by examining the landscape characteristics of each indoor light source in order to introduce Mugunghwa, which has high symbolism as a national flower, into the indoor space. As an experimental plant, Hibiscus syriacus 'Paektanshim known to have relatively strong shadow tolerance characteristics among Mugunghwa varieties, was selected, and experiments were conducted at four types of light sources, including fluorescent lamp, LED lamp, three wave lamp, and optical fiber, and at 500, 750, 1500, and 2,500lux for seven months. Leaf length, leaf width, plant height, number of leaves, number of fallen leaves, joint internode length, and chlorophyll were investigated as landscape measurements of plants. Photosynthesis rate(Pn), CO2 absorption rate(CO2), intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci), atmospheric CO2 concentration(Ca), pore conductivity(Cs), and increasing amount(Tr) were measured as physiological factors of plants. In addition, stomatal density was observed to confirm whether photosynthesis rate was well performed, and the blooming rate of each light source and the color difference meter were used to investigate. The experimental results and introduction plans are as follows. First, among the landscape components of plants, the number of leaves showed a statistically significant difference in all light sources. The number of leaves affects the width of the tree's crown and tree shapes along leaf length and leaf width, and the higher the luminosity, the more leaved, and the most leaved under fiber optics 1,500lux. The higher the luminosity, the larger the size of the leaf length and leaf width. Second, Mugunghwa has unique leaves, but its flowers are beautiful and symbolic, so it is preferred, but Hibiscus syriacus 'Paektanshim blooms from August to October. Looking at the optical conditions of each light source for the purpose of viewing flowers, it was identified as 750lux to 2,500lux for fluorescent lamp, 1,500lux to 2,500lux for LED lamp, 750lux to 2,500lux for three wave lamp, and 1,500lux to 2,500lux for fiber optics. The most effective light source and light intensity were found to be 1,500lux and 2,500lux of optical fibers. Third, the freshness of the leaves can also be measured by the amount of photosynthesis rate and the stomatal characteristics of the leaves, and the higher the luminous intensity, the higher the photosynthesis rate. The stomatal frequency by light source was 7 to 28, and the largest stomatal frequency was found in 1,500 lux of LED lights and 1,500 lux of optical fiber. Fourth, as a result of color difference analysis, the flower color was closer to light green than pink and showed a color close to blue. The value of L* was found to be very bright as it showed a value of 90 or more. Finally, considering the growth condition, growth volume, and flowering rate, it is judged that the optimal light source of the Hibiscus syriacus 'Paektanshim is 1,500lux of optical fiber. However, it is necessary to improve the utilization value and utilization area of the national flower Mugunghwa by identifying the appropriate light source and appropriate light intensity for more Mugunghwa varieties in the future and adding experiments on the flowering rate by age.

ABSTRACT
국문초록
1. 서론
2. 연구방법
    2.1 공시재료
    2.2 실험구의 설정 및 측정방법
    2.3 식물의 형태적 측정요소 및 측정방법
    2.4 식물의 생리적 측정요소 및 측정방법
    2.5 기공사진 촬영방법과 기공밀도 산출방법
    2.6 꽃의 색차계 측정 및 분석방법
    2.7 분석방법
3. 결과 및 고찰
    3.1 광원별 생육 및 생리활성분석
    3.2 기공특성, 개화율 및 색차계 분석
    3.3 생육 및 생장 특성을 반영한 광원별 경관적 가치비교 분석
    3.4 개화특성을 반영한 광원별 경관적 가치 비교 분석
    3.5 생장률과 개화율을 고려한 최적 광조건
4. 결론
References

• 박진실(경상국립대학교 대학원 식물자원학과) | Jinsil Park (Dept. of Horticulture, Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University)
• 권해연(국립산림과학원 산림특용자원연구과) | Haeyun Kwon (National Institute of Forest Science)
• 송종은(경상국립대학교 원예과학과, 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 국제정원연구센터) | Jongeun Song (Dept. of Horticulture Science, Gyeongsang National University.International Garden Research Center, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University)
• 최경옥(경상국립대학교 원예과학과, 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 국제정원연구센터) | Kyoungok Choi (Dept. of Horticulture Science, Gyeongsang National University.International Garden Research Center, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) Corresponding author