Repetitive or excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes oxidative stress-mediated skin photoaging through the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Actinidia polygama is known as a medical plant used in oriental medicine for treating several diseases such as abdominal pain, stroke and rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, it was reported that A. polygama extract had anti-wrinkle and skin hydrating properties in ultraviolet B (UVB)-exposed hairless mice. However, the molecular biological mechanism of this extract on alleviating skin photoaging is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the anti-photoaging effects of PB203, which is the powder of A. polygama extract, in the in vivo and in vitro photoaging models. First, PB203 showed 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities due to the presence of anti-oxidant components including flavonoids and polyphenols. In UVB-irradiated hairless mice, oral administration of PB203 (100 mg/ kg) significantly improved wrinkle formation, skin dehydration, elasticity and skin barrier function by decreasing the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and increasing those of collagen I, filaggrin, involucrin and loricrin. Especially, the reduced production of p-p38, p-c-Jun and p-c-Fos by PB203 reversed the elevated levels of MMPs mediated by UVB exposure, resulting in the upregulation of collagen I expression. Consistent with these animal data, PB203 remarkably enhanced the mRNA expression of collagen I, filaggrin, involucrin and loricrin, while suppressed that of MMPs in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. And PB203 increased the wound recovery rate of cells by promoting their proliferation and migration. Moreover, PB203 significantly recovered the activity of superoxide dismutase inhibited by UVB in both mice and cells. In conclusion, PB203, which protects skin from UVB-induced photodamage by exerting antioxidant properties, can be considered to have sufficient potential as a functional ingredient or therapeutic agent improving skin photoaging and related skin symptoms.

Abstract
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
    추출물 준비
    총 플라보노이드와 총 폴리페놀 함량 측정
    ABTS(2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) 및 DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) 라디칼 소거능 시험
    UVB(ultraviolet B)를 조사한 무모 마우스를 이용한 피부 손상 동물 모델 실험
    육안평가 및 피부 주름 측정
    경피수분손실량 및 피부 수분량 측정
    피부 탄력 측정
    조직학적 분석 및 표피 두께 측정
    qRT-PCR(quantitative real-time PCR)
    Western blot analysis
    SOD(superoxide dismutase) 활성 측정
    세포 배양 및 세포 독성 평가
    In vitro wound scratch and recovery assay
    통계 분석
RESULTS
    PB203에 함유된 총 플라보노이드 및 총 폴리페놀 함량과 라디칼 소거 활성
    PB203이 UVB(ultraviolet B)를 조사한 무모 마우스의 피부 주름 형성에 미치는 효과
    PB203이 UVB(ultraviolet B)를 조사한 무모 마우스의 피부 수분 및 탄력 감소에 미치는 효과
    PB203이 UVB(ultraviolet B)를 조사한 무모 마우스의 피부 조직 구조 및 장벽 기능에 미치는효과
    PB203이 UVB(ultraviolet B)를 조사한 무모 마우스의 피부 조직 내 MMPs(matrix metalloproteinases)발현 및 MAPK(mitogen-activated protein kinase) 활성화에 미치는 효과
    PB203이 UVB(ultraviolet B)를 조사한 무모 마우스의 피부 조직 및 HaCaT 세포의 SOD(superoxide dismutase) 활성에 미치는 효과
    PB203이 UVB(ultraviolet B)를 조사한 HaCaT 세포 보호 및 손상 회복에 미치는 효과
    PB203이 UVB(ultraviolet B)를 조사한 HaCaT 세포의 피부 손상 관련 유전자 발현에 미치는효과
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES

• Seong-Hyun Ho(R&D Center, G&P Bioscience Co., Ltd.)
• Dayoung Kim(R&D Center, G&P Bioscience Co., Ltd.)
• Yeonho Shin(R&D Center, G&P Bioscience Co., Ltd.)
• Jung Ok Lee(Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University)
• Yu-Jin Kim(Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University)
• Jung Min Lee(Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University)
• Youna Jang(Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University)
• Su-Jin Park(R&D Center, G&P Bioscience Co., Ltd.) Corresponding author