Nonporous materials have nano-sized pores. High specific surface area and size and shape selectivity (size and shape Selectivity) are the most important features of these materials that have led to their widespread use in various industries, such as catalysts, water treatment and separation of pollutants. The development of properties and applications of these materials depends on the fabrication of nanoporous materials with optimal and controlled structures. In this paper, porous nanostructures and supermolecular chemistry are introduced in detail. Then, a number of common nanoporous materials, such as activated carbon, metal–organic frameworks and zeolites, then various types of mineral and organic nanoporous materials as well as methods of synthesis, characterization and applications of these materials will be studied in detail.

    Abstract
    1 Introduction
    2 Classification of nanoporous materials
        2.1 Size holes
        2.2 Materials constituent
    3 Inorganic porous materials
        3.1 Microporous materials
        3.2 Inorganic–organic hybrids
    4 Porous meta-materials
        4.1 Silica
        4.2 Oxides, nitrides, and sulfides of metals
        4.3 Microporous material
    5 Applications
        5.1 Separating and Removal of contaminants
        5.2 Energy production and storage
        5.3 Catalyst
        5.4 Sensors
        5.5 Biological applications
        5.6 Water and wastewater treatment
    6 Porous carbons
        6.1 Carbon nitride
        6.2 Carbon nitride photocatalysts
    7 Outlook porous materials
    8 Conclusion
    Acknowledgements 
    References

• Ehsan kianfar(Department of Chemical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University)
• Hamidreza Sayadi(Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic Azad University)