In this study, we evaluated the treatment efficiency of livestock wastewater by altering the current density using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. As the current density was adjusted from 10 to 35 mA/cm2, the removal efficiency of organic matter increased from 22.2 to 71.5%. Similar to that of organic matter, the removal efficiency of color increased with increasing current density up to 85.7%, indicating a higher removal efficiency for color than that of organic matter. The removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen increased from 14.6 to 53.3% as the current density increased, but it was lower than that of organic matter. In addition, the removal of organic matter, color, and ammonia nitrogen followed first-order reactions, according to the reaction rate analysis. The energy consumption ranged from 4.87 to 8.33 kWh/kg COD, and it was found that the organic matter removal efficiency was more efficient at high current densities. Based on various analyses, the optimal current density was 20 mA/cm2, and the corresponding energy consumption was 6.824 kWh/kg COD.