In this study, we investigate the opportunity of using waste tire char as a cathode material for lithium-ion primary batteries (LPBs). The char obtained by carbonizing waste tires was washed with acid and thermally fluorinated to produce CFX. The structural and chemical properties of the char and CFX were analyzed to evaluate the effect of thermal fluorination. The carbon structure of the char was increasingly converted to CFX structure as the fluorination temperature increased. In addition, the manufactured CFX- based LPBs were evaluated through electrochemical analysis. The discharge capacity of the CFX reached a maximum of 800 mAh/g, which is comparable to that of CFX- based LPBs manufactured from other carbon sources. On the basis of these results, the use of waste tire char-based CFX as a cathode material for LPBs is presented as a new opportunity in the field of waste tire recycling.

Preparation and electrochemical characteristics of waste-tire char-based CFX for lithium-ion primary batteries  
    Abstract
    1 Introduction
    2 Experimental
        2.1 Materials
        2.2 Sample preparation
        2.3 Material characterization
        2.4 Electrochemical measurements
    3 Results and discussion
    4 Conclusion
    Anchor 11
    Acknowledgements 
    References

• Naeun Ha(Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea)
• Seo Gyeong Jeong(Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea)
• Chaehun Lim(Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea)
• Seongmin Ha(Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea)
• Chung Gi Min(Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea)
• Yusong Choi(Defense Materials and Energy Development Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34060, Korea, Department of Defense System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea)
• Young‑Seak Lee(Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea, Institute of Carbon Fusion Technology (InCFT), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea)