Reliable, inexpensive, environment-friendly, and durable properties of carbon materials with unique and outstanding photoelectric performance is highly desired for myriad of applications such as catalysis and energy storage. Since lattice modulation is a vital method of surface modification of materials, which form by an external force during the synthesis process, causing the internal compression and stretching, leading to lattice sliding event. In this review, we present a summary of different methods to tailor the lattice modulation in 2D carbon-based materials, including grain/twin boundary, lattice strain, lattice distortion, and lattice defects. This overview highlights the implication control of the diverse morphologies of nanocrystals and how to tailor the materials properties without adding any polymers. The improvement in the performance of 2D carbon materials ranges from the enhancement of charge transport and conductivity, structural stability, high-performance of light absorption capacity, and efficient selectivity promote the future prospect of 2D carbon materials broaden their applications in terms of energy conversion and storage. Finally, some perspectives are proposed on the future developments and challenges on 2D carbon materials towards energy storage applications.

Modulation of the lattice structure of 2D carbon-based materials for improving photoelectric properties
    Abstract
    1 Introduction
    2 Method of lattice modulation of 2D carbon nanomaterials
        2.1 Graintwin boundary
        2.2 Lattice strain
        2.3 Lattice distortion
        2.4 Lattice defects
    3 Conclusions and perspectives
    Acknowledgements 
    References

• Arramel(Nano Center Indonesia, Jalan Raya PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia)
• Huijuan Ma(Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Mazongling Road, Xiaoting District, Yichang 443000, Hubei, People’s Republic of China)
• Kun Xiang(Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205 Hubei, People’s Republic of China)
• Jing Zou(Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205 Hubei, People’s Republic of China)
• Jizhou Jiang(Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205 Hubei, People’s Republic of China)
• Rifda Azzahiidah(Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205 Hubei, People’s Republic of China)
• Jiamei Wang(Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205 Hubei, People’s Republic of China)
• Yulianti Anjarsari(Nano Center Indonesia, Jalan Raya PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia)
• Fangyi Li(Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205 Hubei, People’s Republic of China)