Marine macroalgae are important in coastal ecosystems and interact with marine microorganisms. In this study, we isolated fungi from seven types of marine macroalgae including Cladophora sp., Gloiopeltis furcate, Gracilariopsis chorda, Hydroclathrus clathratus, Prionitis crispata, Sargassum micracanthum, and Ulva lactuca collected in Korea. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses identified the isolates as four Aspergillus spp. (A. fumigatus, A. sydowii, A. tamarii, and A. terreus), three Penicillium spp. (P. crustosum, P. jejuense, and P. rubens), and Cladosporium tenuissimum. Among them, A. fumigatus TOPU2, A. tamarii SH-Sw5, and A. terreus GJ-Gf2 strains showed the activities of all enzymes examined (amylase, chitinase, lipase, and protease). Based on the enzymatic index (EI) values in solid media, A. terreus GJ-Gf2 and C. tenuissimum UL-Pr1 exhibited the highest amylase and lipase activities, respectively. Chitinolytic activity was only observed in A. terreus GJ-Gf2, A. tamarii SH-Sw5, and A. fumigatus TOP-U2. Penicillium crustosum ULCl2 and C. tenuissimum UL-Pr1 showed the highest protease activities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of lipolytic and proteolytic activities in a marine-derived C. tenuissimum strain. Overall, the fungal strains isolated from the marine macroalgae in this study actively produced industrially important enzymes.

Introduction
Materials and Methods
    1. Sample collection
    2. Isolation and cultivation of marine fungi
    3. Identification of marine fungi
    4. Examination of enzymatic activities of marinefungi
    5. Calculation of enzymatic index (EI)
Results
    1. Identification of marine algae-derived fungi
    2. Amylolytic activity of marine algae-derivedfungi
    3. Chitinolytic activity of marine algae-derivedfungi
    4. Lipolytic activity of marine algae-derived fungi
    5. Proteolytic activity of marine algae-derivedfungi
Discussion

• Dawoon Chung(Department of Microbial Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Korea)
• Woon-Jong Yu(Department of Microbial Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Korea)
• Hyeong Seok Jang(Department of Biodiversity, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Korea)
• Yong-Min Kwon(Department of Microbial Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Korea)
• Seung Seob Bae(Department of Microbial Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Korea)
• Grace Choi(Department of Microbial Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Korea) Corresponding author