A phenylboric acid functionalized carbon dot (2-FPBA-CD) for rapid fluorescent sensing of glucose in blood was synthesized by simply mixing N, S-doped carbon dots (CDs) with phenylboric acid at room temperature. At pH 7.4, the response of 2-FPBA-CD to glucose could reach equilibrium in a very short time (10 min), with a wide responsive linear range of 19.70 μM to 2.54 mM, which can be applied to the detection of glucose in serum. The mechanism studies showed that the layered carbon film of 2-FPBA-CD aggregated after adding glucose, thereby leading to the fluorescence quenching of 2-FPBA-CD.

Fast fluorescent blood sugar sensing using phenylboronic acid functionalized N, S-doped carbon dots
    Abstract
        Graphical abstract
    1 Introduction
    2 Experimental section
        2.1 Synthesis of 2-FPBA-CD
        2.2 Glucose detection
        2.3 Rat serum sample analysis
    3 Results and discussion
        3.1 Optimization of synthesis conditions
        3.2 Structural characterization
        3.3 Factors affecting the fluorescence sensing of glucose
        3.4 Analytical performance for glucose detection
        3.5 Analysis of rat serum sample
        3.6 Possible glucose detection mechanism
    4 Conclusions
    Acknowledgements 
    References

• Xiaoge Wang(Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China)
• Xiangze Fan(Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China)
• Bowen Zhang(Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China)
• Mengke Zhan(Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China)
• Jinhua Zhu(Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China) Corresponding author
• Weiping Hu(Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China)
• Xiuhua Liu(Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China)