The ongoing conflict in Gaza strip has resulted in significant humanitarian crisis, with civilians often bearing the brunt of violence. This article critically examines the role of IHL in the protection of civilians affected by the armed conflict. The study focuses on key IHL principles, including distinction, proportionality, and precaution, and assesses their application by the parties involved. It employs an analytical and descriptive research methodology. The findings reveal that both Israel and Hamas have committed numerous violations of IHL, including indiscriminate attacks and failure to protect civilian populations. Despite the clear legal frameworks set by IHL, the lack of accountability and enforcement has hindered its effectiveness. The author concludes that while IHL provides a robust legal framework for civilian protection, the political complexities of the Israel-Hamas conflict severely limit its implementation, leaving civilians vulnerable. The research calls for stronger international mechanisms to ensure compliance with IHL and improve civilian protection in the region.

I. Introduction
II. Civilians under IHL
III. The Protection of Women and Children during the Armed Conflict
IV. The Violation of Fundamental Principles for the Protection of the Civilian Personals
    A. Principle of Proportionality
    B. The Principle of Distinction
    C. Prohibition of Indiscriminate Attacks
V. Conclusion

• Abdirizak Osman Abdullahi(Head of the Faculty of Law at SIMAD University, Senior Lecturer at Faculty of Law of SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia. LL.M. (IIUM))