夏啟家譜甲骨刻辭所見夏后考
The Qi Family Tree Bone Inscription refers to the Xia dynasty king list, and the deciphered bone names match the names of the Xia kings recorded in the classics. First, this bone inscription is authentic according to Sarah Allan and Kuang Yu Chen’s recent study of the engraved strokes of script viewed under microscope. Secondly, this paper introduces the interactive events between Xia Si (夏姒) people and Shang royal people in the Shang bone texts, such as the Shang conquest of the Xia Si, using the Xia people to serve the Shang King affairs, resettling the Xia people north and letting them fight others. This paper specifically interprets the bone scripts of Xia Si to mean that Xia indicates lowland for farming, and Si is the family name of the Xia recorded in the classics. The script for Si (surname) is derived from the image of a silkworm, as the Si are a silkworm totem people. Another decoded script for Xia is a river name, Xia (river) is named after “canal digging and irrigating”. Third, this paper deduces that the Xia people were living in the Jiang Xia (now Jiang Han or Jiang and Han rivers) plains, the Shijiahe site is the ruins of the Xia or Pre-Xia, and a large number of the Shijiahe red pottery figurines for dances were unearthed, which is consistent with the Xia dance and music recorded in the classics. The unearthed jade statues of deities look like silkworm moths, which corresponds to Xia Si being a sericulture tribe. After the Shijiahe culture, the Xia people built a last capital at Panlongcheng (or Panlong City), near the Xia River outlet. Because the classic Poem for the war epic named Shang Hero (殷武) says, “Got there the hero Cheng Tang (達彼殷武), went to conquer Jing Chu in strength (奮伐荊楚, Jing Chu 荊楚is the alternative name of Jiang Xia 江夏).” Another classic Poem for the Shang national epic called Long Growth (長發) says, “The states of Gu and Wei have been conquered (顧韋既伐).” The Gu and Wei are the current Xiangyang 襄陽 and Suixian 隨縣 on the east and west pathways to the Jiang Xia Basin from the Yellow River Basin, based on their ancient names and their sounds being homophonic. After occupying the states of Gu and Wei, the Shang army went south to form a situation of surrounding the Panlongcheng site of the Jiang Xia Plain. Thus, King Jie of Xia gave up the capital and went north to through the Ming Pass (present-day Wusheng Pass 武勝關) to the Huai River Plain of the East People 東夷, and there was the Battle of Ming Tiao in the Ming Pass. Finally, this study introduces an article about the oracle bone script ten classifications or designs, explaining how to decipher a script. The script for names engraved on the bone tablet were deciphered, corresponding to the name of the Xia Emperors in the classics. The meaning of the deciphered characters of the Xia Emperor names is consistent with the deeds of the Xia Emperors recorded in the classics. In the Qi family genealogy, there are inscriptions of the event of an older brother dying and his younger brother assuming the throne, which matches the record in the classics.
起氏家譜刻辭(舊釋兒氏家譜刻辭)屬於夏世系, 其甲骨文字釋讀大體合於 傳世文獻所載。首先介紹了這片殷墟出土的甲骨文字的前賢研究是真品。其次說明殷 卜辭所見夏姒人和商王朝互動關的幾個事件, 殷墟的商人不斷伐夏人, 也讓夏人服務王 事, 也遷夏人戰於北方, 重點引用以前論文中關於甲骨文字的夏姒、夏(水)和禹字的考 釋;姒字取象蠶, 姒姓為蠶圖騰族。第三, 考訂夏人活動於江夏平原, 石家河遺址為夏人 遺存, 其出土大量陶俑舞人, 合於史載樂舞大夏;其出土玉神人圖騰形象, 合於夏姒為養 蠶族;最後建都于夏口(漢口)盤龍城遺址。因《詩·殷武》昔有成湯, 奮伐荊楚, 故假 設由河洛二裡頭遺址南下江夏盤龍城遺址, 商湯先烕南下路上的韋(厲, 隨縣)、顧 (盧, 今襄陽), 遂可分東西兩路南下, 形成包圍夏口盤龍城遺址之勢, 夏桀敗走鳴條(冥 厄三塞, 今武勝關)被殲。鳴條之戰, 本意冥逃之戰。第四, 根據之前的造字分類的論文, 說明甲骨文字的考釋方法。逐字考釋家譜刻辭的人名, 可對應史載的夏后名。一些夏后 名用字的制字之意, 合於經傳所載夏后的事跡。家谱刻辞有見兄終弟及, 合於史載夏世系 中的該夏后時出現兄終弟及。