Small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises(SMEs) have traditionally relied on skilled labor to support multi-variety, small-batch production. However, demographic changes such as low birth rates and aging populations have led to severe labor shortages, prompting increased interest in collaborative robots(cobots) as a viable alternative. Despite this necessity, many SMEs continue to face significant challenges in implementing such technologies due to technical, organizational, and environmental(TOE) constraints. While prior research has mainly focused on technology adoption from the perspective of user organizations, this study adopts a differentiated approach by analyzing adoption factors from the perspective of smart factory experts—specifically, evaluators/mentors and solution providers—who play a critical role in Korea’s policy-driven smart manufacturing environment. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), the study evaluates the relative importance and prioritization of adoption factors across three dimensions: technology, organization, and environment. Survey data collected from 20 smart factory experts indicate that top management support, relative advantage, and safety are key determinants in cobot adoption. Furthermore, the findings reveal that organizational readiness and technical effectiveness have greater influence on implementation decisions than external pressures such as partner pressure. This study provides new insights by incorporating expert perspectives into the adoption framework and offers practical policy and managerial implications to support cobots implementation in the SMEs.

1. 서 론
2. 이론적 배경
    2.1 협동 로봇
    2.2 TOE Framework
    2.3 Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) 기법
    2.4 연구의 차별성 및 기존 연구와의 비교
3. 연구 방법
    3.1 TOE 요인 도출
    3.2 AHP 계층 구조 설계
    3.3 연구 대상 및 방법
4. 연구 결과
    4.1 응답자 통계학적 특성
    4.2 주요인 우선순위 및 일관성 검증
    4.3 하위요인 우선순위 및 일관성 검증
    4.4 최종 전체중요도와 우선순위
5. 결론 및 시사점
    5.1 연구 결과 요약
    5.2 시사점 및 향후 연구 방향
Acknowledgement
References

• Sangbok Lee(Department of Industrial Systems Engineering, Hansung University) | 이상복 (한성대학교 산업시스템공학부) Corresponding author
• Seunghun Yang(Major in Smart Convergence Consulting, Hansung University) | 양승훈 (한성대학교 스마트융합컨설팅학과)