The study presents a framework for the sustainable carbon-based nanomaterials, focusing on Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs). The framework integrates performance, hazard, and economic considerations toward the development of CNT-enabled products. Through Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and environmental degradation studies, the research highlights the energy-intensive nature of CNT production, the persistence of CNTs in the environment, and the associated ecotoxicity risks. Functionalization of CNTs is emphasized as a crucial strategy to enhance biodegradability and reduce toxicity. The study also addresses the economic trade-offs, noting that while CNTs offer superior functional performance, their high production costs and energy demands must be carefully managed. The proposed framework aims to ensure that CNTs maximize their benefits while minimizing their environmental and health impacts, thereby supporting the sustainable advancement of carbon nanomaterials in various applications. The study found that CNT production is highly energy-intensive, but scaling up can improve efficiency. CNTs persist in the environment, with partial degradation, indicating potential long-term ecological risks. Functionalization enhances biodegradability and reduces toxicity, helping to balance performance with sustainability.

Impact of carbon on global and regional economies: analyzing economic growth, employment, and trade balances through artificial neural networks
    Abstract
    1 Introduction
    2 Adapted framework for sustainable ENMs
    3 Carbon nanomaterials versus bulk chemical alternatives
        3.1 CNTs versus bulk chemical antimicrobial alternatives
    4 Comparing carbon nanomaterial-enabled composites
    5 Toward improved rational CNT design
    6 Life-cycle analysis and environmental degradation of carbon nanomaterials
        6.1 LCA of CNTs
        6.2 Environmental degradation and ecotoxicity
    7 Economic considerations and industry adoption challenges
        7.1 Economic considerations beyond initial cost
        7.2 Industry adoption challenges
    8 Risk management, mitigation strategies, and end-of-life management
        8.1 Risk management and mitigation strategies
        8.2 End-of-life management and recycling
    9 Conclusions
    Acknowledgement 
    References

• Siqi Liu(Guangling College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 1225000, China)
• Yousef Zandi(Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran)
• Alireza Sadighi Agdas(Ghateh Gostar Novin Company, Tabriz 51579, Iran)
• Mohamed Amine Bouraoui(Department of Business, College of Business, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia)
• Anas A. Salameh(Department of Management Information Systems, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 165, 11942 Al‑Kharj, Saudi Arabia)
• Amr Alalawi(Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, 21361 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)
• Majid Khorami(UTE University, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Architecture Department, TCEMC Investigation group, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador)