As South Korea enters a super-aged society, the number of nursing hospitals has increased rapidly, yet there are no legal staffing standards for caregivers. This absence creates a severe vulnerability regarding evacuation safety during fires. This study quantitatively analyzes evacuation times using a simulation, applying a '3:1 patient-to-caregiver ratio' based on Japanese standards. Four scenarios combining Day/Night shifts and Existing/Proposed (3:1) staffing were compared using a real hospital model. The results indicate that applying the 3:1 standard reduced the total evacuation time by 41% (1210s → 710s) during the day and 22% (1290s → 1000s) at night compared to existing staffing levels. This empirically demonstrates that the patient-to-caregiver ratio is a key variable in evacuation performance and suggests an urgent need for legal minimum staffing standards to ensure patient safety.

Abstract
1. 서 론
2. 선행연구 및 기초이론
    2.1 선행연구
    2.2 선행 연구와의 차별성
3. 연구 방법
    3.1 연구 대상 건물 개요
    3.2 재실자 특성 설정
    3.3 실험 시나리오 설정
    3.4 시나리오 구성 및 재실자 배치
4. 연구 결과
5. 결 론
6. References
저자 소개

• 김수철(우석대학교 일반대학원 소방안전공학과 석사과정) | Sucheol Kim (Graduate Student, Dept. of Fire Proetection & Safety Engineering, Woosuk University)
• 공하성(우석대학교 소방방재학과 교수) | Hasung Kong (Professor, Fire and Disaster Prevention, Woosuk University) Corresponding author