In canine solid tumors, genetic alterations are crucial for initiating and advancing tumor growth, leading to modifications in the originating tissue and shaping the tumor’s developmental course. Structural variants, including inversions, deletions, and translocations, are hallmarks of most cancer genomes and are causatively linked to tumorigenesis. Histopathology was used to confirm tumor type, while structural genomic alterations were identified through whole-genome sequencing. The examination of 4 tumors and 52 normal whole-genome sequences enabled a precise exploration of the genetic foundations of solid tumor biology, particularly the pattern of somatic structural variation. Structural variants in tumor samples were predominantly found in genes involved in the RTK–Ras–MEK–ERK signaling pathway, as well as in those regulating apoptosis and cell survival. Among the structural variants discovered, the detection of STARD4 in the solid tumor group, which is related to cholesterol regulation, indicates a potential common pathway in tumorigenesis. This research highlights the genetic intricacy of tumors and underscores the importance of personalized strategies for diagnosis and prognosis, employing comprehensive genetic profiling.

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
    1. Sample collection and experimental design
    2. DNA isolation and sequencing
    3. Generation of genomic data and structural variantdetection
    4. Study design
Results and Discussion
    1. Whole genome sequencing analysis of caninesolid tumor tissues
    2. Exploring structural variants in canine solid tumors
    3. Analysis of tumor-associated structural variants inkey oncogenic pathways
    4. Structural variants exclusively identified in solidtumor genomes
    5. Predicted effects of structural variants observed insolid tumor cases
Acknowledgement
References

• Seongmin Kim(Graduate Student, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea)
• Seung-Wan Woo(Graduate Student, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea)
• Jaemin Kim(Graduate Student, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea, Associate Professor, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea) Corresponding author
• Hyeona Bae(Graduate Student, Assistant Professor, and Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea)
• YeSeul Jeon(Graduate Student, Assistant Professor, and Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea)
• DoHyeon Yu(Graduate Student, Assistant Professor, and Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea) Corresponding author