Unapproved parts are increasingly used in military aircraft due to part obsolescence, urgent operational needs, and domestic localization efforts. While such parts may offer short-term flexibility, they pose serious challenges to the integrity of airworthiness certification systems, which rely on part conformity, traceability, and validated performance data. This study identifies and classifies the key risks associated with unapproved parts and applies structured risk assessment tools—Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and the Bow-Tie Risk Model—to quantify and visualize potential failures. Risk elements such as functional mismatch, lack of traceability, and insufficient certification data are prioritized using the Risk Priority Number (RPN) metric. Additionally, the study proposes institutional improvements such as digital traceability systems, conditional approval frameworks, and shared certification databases to mitigate these risks. The findings contribute to enhancing both the safety and flexibility of the airworthiness certification process, particularly in contexts where non-standard parts cannot be avoided. This research offers a practical approach for integrating risk-based thinking into component approval, providing a framework that balances operational demands with safety assurance.

Abstract
1. 서 론
2. 이론적 배경 및 인증기준 비교
    2.1 감항인증의 구조
    2.2 국내외 기준 비교: 감항 부품 인증
    2.3 선행연구 정리 및 본 연구의 차별성
3. FMEA 기반 정량 위험 분석
    3.1 FMEA 기법 개요
    3.2 위험요소 정의 및 평가 기준
    3.3 FMEA 위험 분석표(FMEA Table)
    3.4 분석결과 해석
4. Bow-Tie 위험 모델 분석 및 대응 전략
    4.1 Bow-Tie 위험 분석 기법 개요
    4.2 Bow-Tie 모델 적용: 비규격 부품 사례
    4.3 예방 및 완화대책 구조화
    4.4 시각화된 Bow-Tie 모델
    4.5 분석 요약
5. 감항인증을 위한 제도 및 기술 대응방안
    5.1 제도적 대응방안
    5.2 기술적 대응방안
6. 결 론
References

• 구재환(Graduate Student, Department of Defense Industry, Kyungnam University) | Jaehwan Goo
• 최정호(Department of Phronesis Convergence, Kyungnam University) | Jeongho Choi Corresponding author