With the surge in trade and investment between China and ASEAN nations, the need for international dispute resolution involving these parties is bound to grow. This research analyses the legal principles, institutional setups, and regulatory environments that impact the efficiency of commercial arbitration between China and ASEAN. It examines key factors that influence the cross-border enforcement of arbitral awards under the New York Convention, such as differences in arbitrability, procedures, ad hoc arbitration, and digital practices. The article highlights that the enforcement and execution of arbitral awards in the Asia-Pacific region stem from a lack of coordination among national courts, leading to varying enforcement standards and inconsistent outcomes. The analysis suggests that regional forums can help reduce fragmentation. Proposing to promote cooperation between institutions, develop model arbitration rules, and establish common digital standards. This approach would ultimately enhance legal certainty and increase the effectiveness of international arbitration in China and ASEAN countries.

I. Introduction
II. The Fragmentation in China–ASEANArbitration.
    A. Legal Fragmentation in China–ASEAN Arbitration underthe New York Convention
    B. Institutional Fragmentation in China–ASEAN Arbitration
    C. Regulatory Fragmentation in China–ASEAN Arbitration
III. Structural Drivers of Fragmentation
    A. Diversity of Legal Traditions
    B. Legislative Asymmetry in Arbitration Reform
    C. Digital Modernization Gap
IV. Effects of Fragmentation in China–ASEANArbitration
    A. Policy Effects of China–ASEAN Arbitration
    B. Consequences for Enforcement Predictability
    C. Evaluation
V. Harmonizing China–ASEAN Arbitration: Coordination Mechanisms
    A. Overview
    B. Institutional Coordination Mechanisms
    C. Rule Compatibility Mechanism Proposals
    D. Digital Arbitration Coordination
VI. Conclusion

• Julio C. O. Sima Nzang(Ph.D. candidate in Law & Fellow Research Assistant at the “Belt and Road” Business Environment Institute, Northwest University of Political Science and Law, Xi’an, China) Corresponding author
• Yingying Wang(Professor of Civil Law & Director of the “Belt and Road” Business Environment Institute at Northwest University of Political Science and Law, Xi’an, China)