A temperature gradient greenhouse (TGG) is an experimental facility designed to generate a continuous longitudinal air-temperature gradient within a single greenhouse under natural light, thereby enabling the concurrent evaluation of crop responses across temperature levels under comparable radiation conditions. This paper summarizes the definition, structural features, and principles governing thermal-gradient formation and control in TGG, and synthesizes representative domestic and international studies that have used TGG-based systems to investigate crop responses relevant to climate change. Across studies, moderate warming generally accelerated crop growth and phenological development; however, temperatures exceeding crop- and ecotype-specific thresholds imposed physiological constraints, including reductions in photosynthetic capacity, disruption of stomatal regulation, and lower water-use efficiency. These limitations constrained assimilate partitioning and sink development, resulting in yield loss and quality deterioration, particularly during reproductive and yield-forming stages. Importantly, crop responses to temperature were typically nonlinear and characterized by critical thresholds rather than simple linear trends. TGG has structural and operational limitations, including vertical temperature heterogeneity, reduced photosynthetically active radiation due to cladding materials, and constraints in independent humidity and CO2 control; accordingly, it can be interpreted as an intermediate experimental platform positioned between the high field representativeness of FACE and the high environmental control precision of SPAR. We highlight the value of TGG for identifying stage-specific temperature sensitivities and nonlinear response functions, and discuss its potential contributions to crop modeling, production vulnerability assessment, and the development of climate-change adaptation strategies.

Abstract
서 론
온도구배하우스의 정의, 구조적 특징 및제어 원리
    1. 정의, 구조 및 미기상 환경
    2. 열환경 형성 메커니즘 수리 모델
온도구배하우스의 기술적 발전 흐름
    1. 1970년대: 자연광 기반 온도구배 실험 개념의 정립
    2. 1980년대: 열수지 기반 온도구배 수리모델 정립을위한 복사·열전달 특성 기반 확립
    3. 1990년대: 온도구배 형성 원리의 체계화 및 환경 제어 기술의 발전
    4. 2000년대 이후: 유입 공기 제어 기반 온도구배 시스템의 고도화와 검증
온도구배하우스 활용 기후변화 대응 작물연구 사례
    1. 온도에 따른 생육 및 발달 과정의 변화
    2. 온도에 따른 생리적 스트레스 반응
    3. 온도에 따른 수량 및 품질 반응
온도구배하우스의 구조적·기술적 한계와주요 기후변화 연구시설 간 비교
온도구배하우스 이용 기후변화 대응 작물연구 전망
적 요
사 사
Literature Cited

• 고재형(전북특별자치도농업기술원 농업연구사) | Jaehyung Ko (Researcher, Smart Agriculture Team, Jeonbuk State Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gimje 54324, Korea)
• 양원용(전북특별자치도농업기술원 농업연구사) | Wonyoung Yang (Researcher, Smart Agriculture Team, Jeonbuk State Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gimje 54324, Korea)
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• 이준우(전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 스마트팜학과 교수, 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 교수) | Joonwoo Lee (Professor, Department of Smart Farm, College of Agricultural & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea, Professor, Institute of Agricultural Science &Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea)
• 박경섭(국립목포대학교 생명·의과학대학 원예과학과 교수) | Kyoung Sub Park (Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Korea)
• 안세웅(한국농수산대학교 원예학부 교수) | Sewoong An (Professor, Department of Horticulture, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju54874, Korea) Corresponding author