A comparative analysis of the placement of cultural education in ACTFL, CEFR, and the Korean Standard Curriculum: Focusing on Intercultural Communicative Competence
This study analyzes the structural and epistemological placement of cultural education within ACTFL, CEFR, and the Korean Standard Curriculum from an Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) perspective. Four criteria guided this comparison: the formal position of cultural competence, the direction of cultural awareness, the orientation of intercultural communication strategies, and the cultural agency of learners. Analysis reveals that the CEFR secures structural independence for cultural competence and presents a developmental path, positioning learners as active mediators. ACTFL exhibits internal tension, aiming for reflective proactivity in its standards while emphasizing norm adaptation in guidelines. The Korean Standard Curriculum declares ICC to be an independent goal and suggests a mediator-oriented learner at the objectives level. However, its achievement standards reveal a discrepancy, favoring a receptive model centered on knowledge acquisition and adaptation. Consequently, this study proposes four directions for redesigning the Korean Standard Curriculum: establishing an intercultural competence category, introducing level-specific intercultural competence achievement standards, developing cultural mediation standards for intermediate and advanced learners, and reflecting the mediator model within achievement standards.