The use of unapproved parts in military aircraft is increasing due to parts obsolescence, urgent operational demands, and domestic localization efforts. Such components pose significant risks to airworthiness certification systems, particularly in design conformity, documentation, and traceability. This study identifies key risk factors associated with unapproved parts and analyzes the structural causes of certification gaps, based on real-world cases from field maintenance and operations. Risk assessment tools including Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and the Bow-Tie model are employed to quantify and visualize critical failure points. Based on the findings, this paper proposes institutional and technological countermeasures, including a conditional approval framework, an integrated certification data platform, and a digital traceability system. The research contributes to improving airworthiness practices by providing a balanced approach that enhances both safety and operational flexibility.

Abstract
1. 서 론
2. 비규격 부품의 위험요소 분석
    2.1 위험 요소 식별 및 설명
    2.2 정량적 위험 평가(FMEA)
    2.3 정성적 분석 – Bow-Tie 모델
3. 도적 및 기술적 대응방안
    3.1 제도적 대응방안
    3.2 기술적 대응방안
3. 결 론
References

• 박동혁(Graduate Student, Department of Defense Industry, Kyungnam University) | Donghyeok Park
• 최정호(Department of Phronesis Convergence, Kyungnam University) | Jeongho Choi Corresponding author