ABACUS-Based Comparison of First-Principles Calculations for Predicting Accurate Direct and Indirect Bandgaps of BaSnO3
본 연구에서는 MgO 기판 위에 펄스 레이저 방법으로 BaSnO3 박막을 성장하고, 구조적·광학적 특성 및 전자구 조를 실험과 계산을 통해 비교하였다. XRD 분석 결과, BaSnO3 박막은 뚜렷한 이차상 없이 우선 배향된 결정상으로 성장하였으며, UV–Vis spectroscopy 기반 Tauc 분석을 통해 간접 밴드갭과 직접 밴드갭은 각각 약 3.15 eV 및 3.6 eV로 평가되었다. ABACUS를 이용한 DFT 계산에서는 LCAO 및 PW basis를 사용하여 PBE, HSE, PBE0, DDPBE0, DSR functional에 따른 밴드갭을 비교하였다. PBE와 HSE는 밴드갭을 과소평가한 반면, DDPBE0와 DSR은 실험적 밴드갭에 비교적 근접한 결과를 보였다. 또한 LCAO 계산은 PW와 유사한 functional 의존성을 재현하였으나, Sn 5s 기반 delocalized conduction band의 제한적 기술로 인해 더 작은 밴드갭을 나타냈다. 본 결과는 BaSnO3의 밴드갭 예측에서 hybrid functional과 basis set 선택이 중요함을 보여준다.
In this study, BaSnO3 thin films were grown on MgO substrates by pulsed laser deposition, and their structural, optical, and electronic properties were investigated by combining experiment and first-principles calculations. X-ray diffraction confirmed the preferentially oriented growth of BaSnO3 films without detectable secondary phases. UV–Vis spectroscopy and Tauc analysis yielded indirect and direct optical bandgaps of approximately 3.15 eV and 3.6 eV, respectively. Density functional theory calculations were performed using the ABACUS package with both LCAO and plane-wave basis sets. The indirect and direct bandgaps were compared for PBE, HSE, PBE0, DDPBE0, and DSR functionals. PBE and HSE underestimated the bandgap, whereas DDPBE0 and DSR provided values closer to the experimental optical gap. The LCAO calculations reproduced the overall functional dependence observed in plane-wave calculations but generally predicted smaller bandgaps, which is attributed to the limited description of the delocalized Sn 5s-derived conduction band by localized numerical atomic orbitals. These results highlight the importance of both hybrid functional selection and basis-set effects in accurately predicting the electronic structure of BaSnO3.