Vietnamese Chinese-language Yanxing documents are Chinese records and pictures left by Vietnamese envoys when they were on mission to China or when civilians traveled to China in history. Among them, the main forms are the Yanxingji, the Northern Envoy's Poems and Essays, and the Northern Envoy’s Journey Map. Many common Chinese characters are used in Vietnamese Han Yanxing literature, and the words Kai ( ), Kou ( ), Zhan ( ), Huo ( )、Zhan ( ) are some of the common characters. These words are either not included in the dictionary or have nothing to do with the dictionary’s definition. Judging from the rationale for the composition of the common characters and their meaning in sentences, they are the common characters for Kai (開), Kou (叩), Zhan (瞻), Huo (獲) and Zhan ( ) respectively.

• 程亞恆(文學博士，九江學院教授，碩士研究生導師) | Yaheng CHENG