A study on teaching consonant pronunciation for Indonesian learners of Korean: Focusing on the velar stops
This study aims to propose a consonant pronunciation teaching method for Indonesian learners of Korean, focusing on velar stops / ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄲ/. To accomplish this purpose, the stop consonant systems of Indonesian and Korean were compared to identify the causes of pronunciation difficulties faced by Indonesian learners, and previous studies were reviewed to examine common pronunciation errors. Due to differences in the stop consonant systems of both languages, Indonesian learners struggle to distinguish and pronounce the lenis, aspirated, and fortis sounds in Korean. Based on these findings, this study selected the teaching-learning content in the order of ‘lenis-fortis’, ‘lenis-aspirated’, and ‘aspirated-fortis’. Furthermore, an effective and systematic five-stage teaching model was designed as follows: Introduction → Analysis and Explanation → Practice → Application → Evaluation. This model maximizes classroom applicability and enhances learners’ communicative efficiency by providing a practical offline framework without high-cost equipment, thereby providing a valuable guideline for learner-tailored Korean phonological education.