최근 차량 테러 위협으로 원자력시설의 물리적 방호 중요성이 커지고 있다. 그러나 국내에 설치된 볼라드 대부분은 성능 인증을 받 지 못해 차량강습 방어 능력이 부족하다. 또한 기존 국제 인증(ASTM F2656 등)은 실물 충돌 시험에 의존하여 비용이 크고 현장 조건 을 반영하기 어렵다는 한계가 있다. 이를 극복하고자 본 연구는 LS-DYNA 수치해석을 활용한 콘크리트 충진 볼라드 객관적 성능 검 증 방법론을 제안한다. 수치해석 결과를 바탕으로 차량 속도 및 침투 여부에 따른 새로운 ABC 성능 등급 체계를 확립하여, 국내 원자 력시설의 물리적 방호 체계에 직접 활용 가능한 실용적이고 객관적인 성능 등급 기준을 제시한다.

In recent years, the demand for robust physical protection for nuclear power plants has intensified, leading to the inclusion of vehicular threats in the design basis threat (DBT) for nuclear facilities after the 2016 Nice attack. Despite this requirement, a significant portion of bollards currently deployed at domestic nuclear power plants and critical infrastructure lack formal performance certification. Most are designed for pedestrian safety or traffic management rather than high-velocity impact resistance, resulting in inadequate energy absorption capacity. Furthermore, existing international certification frameworks, such as ASTM F2656, rely primarily on full-scale crash tests, which are prohibitively expensive and lack the flexibility to account for diverse site-specific conditions. To address these challenges, this paper presents an objective methodology for evaluating the performance of concrete-filled bollards using LS-DYNA numerical analysis as a viable alternative to physical testing. Utilizing the data derived from these simulations, we establish a new performance rating system (Categories A, B, and C) based on vehicle penetration for varying impact velocities. This research provides a foundational framework for the performancebased standardization of vehicular barriers, facilitating the enhancement of physical security protocols for domestic nuclear facilities.

Abstract
1. 서 론
2. 해석 모델 구축 및 신뢰성 검증
    2.1 콘크리트 볼라드 유한요소 모델링
    2.2 차량 유한요소 모델링
    2.3 수치해석 검증(Verification) 기준
    2.4 볼라드 충돌 해석 모델의 타당성 검증(Validation)
3. 차량 속도별 성능 데이터베이스 구축
    3.1 충돌 시뮬레이션 조건
    3.2 충돌 시뮬레이션 결과
    3.3 볼라드 성능 평가를 위한 데이터베이스 구축
4. 해석 기반 성능 등급 기준 제안
    4.1 국내외 차량 방벽 성능 인증 기준 및 한계점
    4.2 수치해석 기반의 새로운 등급 체계 제안
5. 결 론
감사의 글
References
요 지

• 정우혁(한국과학기술원 기계공학과 연구원) | Woo-Hyuck Jeong (Researcher, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea)
• 김예찬(한국과학기술원 기계공학과 석사과정) | Ye-Chan Kim (Graduate Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea)
• 연정환(한국과학기술원 기계공학과 석사과정) | Jeong-Hwan Yeon (Graduate Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea)
• 이필승(한국과학기술원 기계공학과 교수) | Phill-Seung Lee (Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea) Corresponding author