이 글은 여수 돌산도에 설치되었던 방답첨사진(防踏僉使鎭) 관련 문헌자료를 검토하여 설진 배경과 과정, 전라좌수영 체계 내에서의 위상, 군비와 운영 실태, 진성 내부 시설의 변화, 그리고 폐진에 이르는 역사적 전개과정을 규명하는 데 목적이 있다. 방답첨사진은 삼포왜란 이후 남해안의 해상방어 강화와 돌산도의 군사·경제적 중요성을 배경으로 1523년(중종 18)에 설치되었다. 이후 전라좌수영 관할의 거진으로 기능하면서 사도첨사진과 함께 전라좌도 수군체계의 핵심적인 위치를 차지하였다. 조선 후기에는 전선 2척, 병선 2척, 사후선 4척과 2천 명 이상의 군액이 편제되어 있었다. 이러한 군비는 폐진 때까지 외형상 큰 변화 없이 유지되었다. 방답첨사진은 연해방어 업무뿐만 아니라 군사훈련과 유방(留防), 연해민과 둔전의 보호, 조운선 호송, 송전 관리, 이양선과 표류인의 억류·호송, 진휼 등의 업무도 담당하였다. 따라서 방답진은 군사적 기능과 함께 행정·경제·민정 기능을 수행한 지역의 군사행정기관이었다. 방답진성은 설진에 앞선 1522년부터 축조되어 1523년경 완성되었으며, 성벽의 길이는 694보로, 서문·남문·동문의 세 성문과 여첩을 갖추고 있었다. 성 내부에는 객사와 아사를 중심으로 다양한 군사·행정시설이 배치되었다. 그러나 19세기 중반 이후, 군비의 외형적 편제와 달리 실질적인 군사기능은 점차 약화되었고, 결국 1895년 군제개혁 과정에서 폐진되었다. 이후 1896년 돌산군이 설치되면서 방답진성의 여러 시설은 지방행정시설로 전환되었다.

This study examines documentary sources related to the Bangdap Cheomsa Naval Base(防踏僉使鎭), which was established on Dolsan Island in Yeosu, with the aim of elucidating the background and process of its establishment, its status within the Left Jeolla Naval Command system, its military organization and actual operations, changes in the facilities within the garrison fortress, and the historical developments leading to its abolition. The Bangdap Cheomsa Naval Base was established in 1523(the 18th year of King Jungjong’s reign) against the backdrop of efforts to strengthen maritime defenses along Southern coast following the Japanese Disturbance of the Sampo(三浦倭亂), as well as the growing military and economic importance of Dolsan Island. Thereafter, Bangdap Naval Base functioned as a major naval base under the jurisdiction of the Left Jeolla Naval Command and, together with the Sado Cheomsa Naval Base, occupied a key position in the naval defense system of Left Jeolla Province. During the late Joseon period, the garrison was assigned two warships, two military vessels, four patrol boats, and a military establishment of more than 2,000 personnel. In terms of its formal organization, this military capacity remained largely unchanged until the garrison was abolished. In addition to coastal defense, Bangdap Naval Base was responsible for military training and garrison duty, the protection of coastal residents and military agricultural lands, the escort of grain-transport vessels, the management of pine forests, the detention and escort of foreign vessels and castaways, and relief activities. Bangdap Naval Base therefore served not merely as a military installation but as a comprehensive regional military-administrative institution that also performed administrative, economic, and civil functions. Construction of Bangdap Naval Garrison Fortress began in 1522, prior to the formal establishment of the garrison, and was completed around 1523. The fortress wall measured 694步 in circumference and contained three gates(the West, South, and East Gates) as well as battlements. Within the fortress, various military and administrative facilities were arranged around the gaeksa(客舍) and asa(衙舍). From the mid-nineteenth century onward, however, the garrison’s actual military functions gradually weakened despite the outward continuity of its formal military organization. It was ultimately abolished in 1895 as part of the military reforms of that year. Following the establishment of Dolsan County in 1896, various facilities within Bangdap Naval Garrison Fortress were converted for use as local administrative offices.

국문초록
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 방답첨사진 설진 배경
    1. 고려시대 돌산현
    2. 조선 초 전라좌도 수군체제
    3. 진관체제 하 전라좌도 수군진의 변화
Ⅲ. 방답첨사진의 설진과 운용
    1. 방답첨사진 설진
    2. 조선 후기 방답첨사진 운용
Ⅳ. 방답첨사진성과 공간구조
    1. 방답진성
    2. 방답진성 공간구조
Ⅴ. 맺음말
참|고|문|헌
    1. 사료
    2. 논문 및 보고서
Abstract

• 이수진(동신대학교) | Lee Su Jin