This study evaluated the establishment and forage productivity of summer crops grown after alfalfa in a paddy field in southern region, South Korea. Field trials were conducted in Jeongeup, South Korea, in 2024 and 2025 using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Treatments included early- and late-maturing barnyard millet, forage maize, a non-heading sorghum– sudangrass hybrid, and teffgrass. In 2024, all crops except teffgrass were sown on June 26 and teffgrass was sown on August 1. All crops were sown on July 25 in 2025. Emergence, lodging, plant height, fresh matter yield (FMY), and dry matter yield (DMY) were measured. Under 2024 trial, the sorghum–sudangrass hybrid produced the highest DMY (11,728 kg/ha) despite relatively poor emergence. Late- and early-maturing barnyard millet combined favorable emergence with DMY of 9,236 and 7,795 kg/ha, respectively. Under 2025 trial, teffgrass produced the highest mean DMY (5,567 kg/ha), significantly exceeding both barnyard millet treatments and forage maize, but not the sorghum–sudangrass hybrid (2,879 kg/ha). Fresh matter yield did not differ significantly among crops in 2025 trial. Considering both establishment and DMY, barnyard millet may be a preferable crop following alfalfa in 2024 trial, whereas teffgrass shows potential as an emergency forage crop under 2025 trial. However, year and sowing-date effects could not be separated. These findings provide a basis for selecting summer forage crops according to establishment timing and field conditions.

ABSTRACT
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION
Ⅱ. MATERIALS AND METHODS
    1. Experimental site and design
    2. Sowing and crop management
    3. Measurements of growth characteristics and forageproduction
    4. Weather data collection
    5. Statistical analysis
Ⅲ. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
    1. Weather conditions during the experimental period
    2. Emergence and growth characteristics
    3. Forage production in the southern region
    4. Potential use as subsequent and emergency foragecrops following alfalfa
Ⅳ. CONCLUSIONS
Ⅴ. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Ⅵ. REFERENCES

• Jiyung Kim(Forages Production Systems Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea)
• Seung Min Jeong(Forages Production Systems Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea)
• Bo Ram Choi(Forages Production Systems Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea)
• Chang-Woo Min(Forages Production Systems Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea)
• Hyung Soo Park(Forages Production Systems Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea)
• Ki-Won Lee(Forages Production Systems Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea) Corresponding author