Development and Content Validation of a Preliminary Assessment Tool for Activity Suitability of Therapy Cats
This study developed a preliminary assessment tool for activity suitability in therapy cats and examined its content validity to provide foundational data for team certification of therapy cats and their handlers. Forty-three initial items were developed based on a literature review and existing feline behavior- and health-related assessment tools. The items were refined into 16 assessment items through a first-round Delphi survey involving 15 experts in animal-assisted interventions, veterinary medicine, and companion animal health, followed by follow-up interviews with six experts. A panel of 30 experts then completed the final ratings. For the 16 items, the content validity ratio (CVR) ranged from .667 to 1.000, the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from .833 to 1.000, and the average scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was .923. Two veterinary items concerning vaccination and antibody titer testing, parasite control, and basic health examination were classified as pre-assessment requirements. The remaining 14 items were retained for exploratory analysis and comprised four domains: prosociality (5), behavioral suitability (2), handler assessment (3), and veterinary assessment (4). The proposed framework separately assesses feline activity suitability and handlers’ ability to recognize and respond to feline stress signals while incorporating both domains into team certification that prioritizes feline welfare and safety. These findings provide preliminary evidence of the content validity of the assessment items and do not establish the actual performance suitability of therapy cats or handlers. Further field research is required to evaluate the reliability and validity of each domain and to establish final certification procedures and decision criteria.