Efficacy of ethylene oxide-based gas fumigation against fungal contamination on paper surfaces
This study evaluated the efficacy of ethylene oxide (EO)-based gas fumigation for controlling fungal contamination on paper surfaces. Fumigation was conducted with a gas mixture containing 15% EO and 85% HFC134a at 25oC or higher for 24 h. To compare two commercial fumigation providers, a preliminary test utilized mock books consisting of fine print, groundwood, and tracing papers inoculated with Aspergillus brasiliensis. Subsequently, five fungal species associated with paper records were evaluated across six paper types: spore-forming fungi (Penicillium glabrum, Alternaria alternata, and Aspergillus terreus) were quantified via viable counts, while basidiomycetes (Schizophyllum commune and Emmia lacerata) were qualitatively assessed using colonized paper pieces. No viable fungi were detected immediately after fumigation or during follow-up observations, regardless of paper type, page depth, or provider. These findings demonstrate that EO-based fumigation is an effective disinfection method for eliminating both fungal spores and vegetative mycelia on paper records.